/**
 * REST API: WP_REST_Attachments_Controller class
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage REST_API
 * @since 4.7.0
 */

/**
 * Core controller used to access attachments via the REST API.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @see WP_REST_Posts_Controller
 */
class WP_REST_Attachments_Controller extends WP_REST_Posts_Controller {

	/**
	 * Whether the controller supports batching.
	 *
	 * @since 5.9.0
	 * @var false
	 */
	protected $allow_batch = false;

	/**
	 * Registers the routes for attachments.
	 *
	 * @since 5.3.0
	 *
	 * @see register_rest_route()
	 */
	public function register_routes() {
		parent::register_routes();
		register_rest_route(
			$this->namespace,
			'/' . $this->rest_base . '/(?P<id>[\d]+)/post-process',
			array(
				'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
				'callback'            => array( $this, 'post_process_item' ),
				'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'post_process_item_permissions_check' ),
				'args'                => array(
					'id'     => array(
						'description' => __( 'Unique identifier for the attachment.' ),
						'type'        => 'integer',
					),
					'action' => array(
						'type'     => 'string',
						'enum'     => array( 'create-image-subsizes' ),
						'required' => true,
					),
				),
			)
		);
		register_rest_route(
			$this->namespace,
			'/' . $this->rest_base . '/(?P<id>[\d]+)/edit',
			array(
				'methods'             => WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
				'callback'            => array( $this, 'edit_media_item' ),
				'permission_callback' => array( $this, 'edit_media_item_permissions_check' ),
				'args'                => $this->get_edit_media_item_args(),
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Determines the allowed query_vars for a get_items() response and
	 * prepares for WP_Query.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param array           $prepared_args Optional. Array of prepared arguments. Default empty array.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request       Optional. Request to prepare items for.
	 * @return array Array of query arguments.
	 */
	protected function prepare_items_query( $prepared_args = array(), $request = null ) {
		$query_args = parent::prepare_items_query( $prepared_args, $request );

		if ( empty( $query_args['post_status'] ) ) {
			$query_args['post_status'] = 'inherit';
		}

		$media_types = $this->get_media_types();

		if ( ! empty( $request['media_type'] ) && isset( $media_types[ $request['media_type'] ] ) ) {
			$query_args['post_mime_type'] = $media_types[ $request['media_type'] ];
		}

		if ( ! empty( $request['mime_type'] ) ) {
			$parts = explode( '/', $request['mime_type'] );
			if ( isset( $media_types[ $parts[0] ] ) && in_array( $request['mime_type'], $media_types[ $parts[0] ], true ) ) {
				$query_args['post_mime_type'] = $request['mime_type'];
			}
		}

		// Filter query clauses to include filenames.
		if ( isset( $query_args['s'] ) ) {
			add_filter( 'wp_allow_query_attachment_by_filename', '__return_true' );
		}

		return $query_args;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to create an attachment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error Boolean true if the attachment may be created, or a WP_Error if not.
	 */
	public function create_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		$ret = parent::create_item_permissions_check( $request );

		if ( ! $ret || is_wp_error( $ret ) ) {
			return $ret;
		}

		if ( ! current_user_can( 'upload_files' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_create',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to upload media on this site.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Attaching media to a post requires ability to edit said post.
		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) && ! current_user_can( 'edit_post', (int) $request['post'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_edit',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to upload media to this post.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a single attachment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, WP_Error object on failure.
	 */
	public function create_item( $request ) {
		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) && in_array( get_post_type( $request['post'] ), array( 'revision', 'attachment' ), true ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_invalid_param',
				__( 'Invalid parent type.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$insert = $this->insert_attachment( $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $insert ) ) {
			return $insert;
		}

		$schema = $this->get_item_schema();

		// Extract by name.
		$attachment_id = $insert['attachment_id'];
		$file          = $insert['file'];

		if ( isset( $request['alt_text'] ) ) {
			update_post_meta( $attachment_id, '_wp_attachment_image_alt', sanitize_text_field( $request['alt_text'] ) );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['featured_media'] ) && isset( $request['featured_media'] ) ) {
			$thumbnail_update = $this->handle_featured_media( $request['featured_media'], $attachment_id );

			if ( is_wp_error( $thumbnail_update ) ) {
				return $thumbnail_update;
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['meta'] ) && isset( $request['meta'] ) ) {
			$meta_update = $this->meta->update_value( $request['meta'], $attachment_id );

			if ( is_wp_error( $meta_update ) ) {
				return $meta_update;
			}
		}

		$attachment    = get_post( $attachment_id );
		$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $attachment, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
			return $fields_update;
		}

		$terms_update = $this->handle_terms( $attachment_id, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $terms_update ) ) {
			return $terms_update;
		}

		$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );

		/**
		 * Fires after a single attachment is completely created or updated via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 5.0.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Post         $attachment Inserted or updated attachment object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request    Request object.
		 * @param bool            $creating   True when creating an attachment, false when updating.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_after_insert_attachment', $attachment, $request, true );

		wp_after_insert_post( $attachment, false, null );

		if ( wp_is_serving_rest_request() ) {
			/*
			 * Set a custom header with the attachment_id.
			 * Used by the browser/client to resume creating image sub-sizes after a PHP fatal error.
			 */
			header( 'X-WP-Upload-Attachment-ID: ' . $attachment_id );
		}

		// Include media and image functions to get access to wp_generate_attachment_metadata().
		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/media.php';
		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/image.php';

		/*
		 * Post-process the upload (create image sub-sizes, make PDF thumbnails, etc.) and insert attachment meta.
		 * At this point the server may run out of resources and post-processing of uploaded images may fail.
		 */
		wp_update_attachment_metadata( $attachment_id, wp_generate_attachment_metadata( $attachment_id, $file ) );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $attachment, $request );
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $response );
		$response->set_status( 201 );
		$response->header( 'Location', rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%d', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $attachment_id ) ) );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Inserts the attachment post in the database. Does not update the attachment meta.
	 *
	 * @since 5.3.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request
	 * @return array|WP_Error
	 */
	protected function insert_attachment( $request ) {
		// Get the file via $_FILES or raw data.
		$files   = $request->get_file_params();
		$headers = $request->get_headers();

		$time = null;

		// Matches logic in media_handle_upload().
		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
			$post = get_post( $request['post'] );
			// The post date doesn't usually matter for pages, so don't backdate this upload.
			if ( $post && 'page' !== $post->post_type && substr( $post->post_date, 0, 4 ) > 0 ) {
				$time = $post->post_date;
			}
		}

		if ( ! empty( $files ) ) {
			$file = $this->upload_from_file( $files, $headers, $time );
		} else {
			$file = $this->upload_from_data( $request->get_body(), $headers, $time );
		}

		if ( is_wp_error( $file ) ) {
			return $file;
		}

		$name       = wp_basename( $file['file'] );
		$name_parts = pathinfo( $name );
		$name       = trim( substr( $name, 0, -( 1 + strlen( $name_parts['extension'] ) ) ) );

		$url  = $file['url'];
		$type = $file['type'];
		$file = $file['file'];

		// Include image functions to get access to wp_read_image_metadata().
		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/image.php';

		// Use image exif/iptc data for title and caption defaults if possible.
		$image_meta = wp_read_image_metadata( $file );

		if ( ! empty( $image_meta ) ) {
			if ( empty( $request['title'] ) && trim( $image_meta['title'] ) && ! is_numeric( sanitize_title( $image_meta['title'] ) ) ) {
				$request['title'] = $image_meta['title'];
			}

			if ( empty( $request['caption'] ) && trim( $image_meta['caption'] ) ) {
				$request['caption'] = $image_meta['caption'];
			}
		}

		$attachment = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );

		$attachment->post_mime_type = $type;
		$attachment->guid           = $url;

		// If the title was not set, use the original filename.
		if ( empty( $attachment->post_title ) && ! empty( $files['file']['name'] ) ) {
			// Remove the file extension (after the last `.`)
			$tmp_title = substr( $files['file']['name'], 0, strrpos( $files['file']['name'], '.' ) );

			if ( ! empty( $tmp_title ) ) {
				$attachment->post_title = $tmp_title;
			}
		}

		// Fall back to the original approach.
		if ( empty( $attachment->post_title ) ) {
			$attachment->post_title = preg_replace( '/\.[^.]+$/', '', wp_basename( $file ) );
		}

		// $post_parent is inherited from $attachment['post_parent'].
		$id = wp_insert_attachment( wp_slash( (array) $attachment ), $file, 0, true, false );

		if ( is_wp_error( $id ) ) {
			if ( 'db_update_error' === $id->get_error_code() ) {
				$id->add_data( array( 'status' => 500 ) );
			} else {
				$id->add_data( array( 'status' => 400 ) );
			}

			return $id;
		}

		$attachment = get_post( $id );

		/**
		 * Fires after a single attachment is created or updated via the REST API.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_Post         $attachment Inserted or updated attachment
		 *                                    object.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request $request    The request sent to the API.
		 * @param bool            $creating   True when creating an attachment, false when updating.
		 */
		do_action( 'rest_insert_attachment', $attachment, $request, true );

		return array(
			'attachment_id' => $id,
			'file'          => $file,
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Determines the featured media based on a request param.
	 *
	 * @since 6.5.0
	 *
	 * @param int $featured_media Featured Media ID.
	 * @param int $post_id        Post ID.
	 * @return bool|WP_Error Whether the post thumbnail was successfully deleted, otherwise WP_Error.
	 */
	protected function handle_featured_media( $featured_media, $post_id ) {
		$post_type         = get_post_type( $post_id );
		$thumbnail_support = current_theme_supports( 'post-thumbnails', $post_type ) && post_type_supports( $post_type, 'thumbnail' );

		// Similar check as in wp_insert_post().
		if ( ! $thumbnail_support && get_post_mime_type( $post_id ) ) {
			if ( wp_attachment_is( 'audio', $post_id ) ) {
				$thumbnail_support = post_type_supports( 'attachment:audio', 'thumbnail' ) || current_theme_supports( 'post-thumbnails', 'attachment:audio' );
			} elseif ( wp_attachment_is( 'video', $post_id ) ) {
				$thumbnail_support = post_type_supports( 'attachment:video', 'thumbnail' ) || current_theme_supports( 'post-thumbnails', 'attachment:video' );
			}
		}

		if ( $thumbnail_support ) {
			return parent::handle_featured_media( $featured_media, $post_id );
		}

		return new WP_Error(
			'rest_no_featured_media',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: attachment mime type */
				__( 'This site does not support post thumbnails on attachments with MIME type %s.' ),
				get_post_mime_type( $post_id )
			),
			array( 'status' => 400 )
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Updates a single attachment.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, WP_Error object on failure.
	 */
	public function update_item( $request ) {
		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) && in_array( get_post_type( $request['post'] ), array( 'revision', 'attachment' ), true ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_invalid_param',
				__( 'Invalid parent type.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$attachment_before = get_post( $request['id'] );
		$response          = parent::update_item( $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $response ) ) {
			return $response;
		}

		$response = rest_ensure_response( $response );
		$data     = $response->get_data();

		if ( isset( $request['alt_text'] ) ) {
			update_post_meta( $data['id'], '_wp_attachment_image_alt', $request['alt_text'] );
		}

		$attachment = get_post( $request['id'] );

		if ( ! empty( $schema['properties']['featured_media'] ) && isset( $request['featured_media'] ) ) {
			$thumbnail_update = $this->handle_featured_media( $request['featured_media'], $attachment->ID );

			if ( is_wp_error( $thumbnail_update ) ) {
				return $thumbnail_update;
			}
		}

		$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $attachment, $request );

		if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
			return $fields_update;
		}

		$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-attachments-controller.php */
		do_action( 'rest_after_insert_attachment', $attachment, $request, false );

		wp_after_insert_post( $attachment, true, $attachment_before );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $attachment, $request );
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $response );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Performs post processing on an attachment.
	 *
	 * @since 5.3.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, WP_Error object on failure.
	 */
	public function post_process_item( $request ) {
		switch ( $request['action'] ) {
			case 'create-image-subsizes':
				require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/image.php';
				wp_update_image_subsizes( $request['id'] );
				break;
		}

		$request['context'] = 'edit';

		return $this->prepare_item_for_response( get_post( $request['id'] ), $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request can perform post processing on an attachment.
	 *
	 * @since 5.3.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to update the item, WP_Error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function post_process_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		return $this->update_item_permissions_check( $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a given request has access to editing media.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access, WP_Error object otherwise.
	 */
	public function edit_media_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
		if ( ! current_user_can( 'upload_files' ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_edit_image',
				__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to upload media on this site.' ),
				array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
			);
		}

		return $this->update_item_permissions_check( $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Applies edits to a media item and creates a new attachment record.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, WP_Error object on failure.
	 */
	public function edit_media_item( $request ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/image.php';

		$attachment_id = $request['id'];

		// This also confirms the attachment is an image.
		$image_file = wp_get_original_image_path( $attachment_id );
		$image_meta = wp_get_attachment_metadata( $attachment_id );

		if (
			! $image_meta ||
			! $image_file ||
			! wp_image_file_matches_image_meta( $request['src'], $image_meta, $attachment_id )
		) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_unknown_attachment',
				__( 'Unable to get meta information for file.' ),
				array( 'status' => 404 )
			);
		}

		$supported_types = array( 'image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif', 'image/webp', 'image/avif' );
		$mime_type       = get_post_mime_type( $attachment_id );
		if ( ! in_array( $mime_type, $supported_types, true ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_cannot_edit_file_type',
				__( 'This type of file cannot be edited.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// The `modifiers` param takes precedence over the older format.
		if ( isset( $request['modifiers'] ) ) {
			$modifiers = $request['modifiers'];
		} else {
			$modifiers = array();

			if ( ! empty( $request['rotation'] ) ) {
				$modifiers[] = array(
					'type' => 'rotate',
					'args' => array(
						'angle' => $request['rotation'],
					),
				);
			}

			if ( isset( $request['x'], $request['y'], $request['width'], $request['height'] ) ) {
				$modifiers[] = array(
					'type' => 'crop',
					'args' => array(
						'left'   => $request['x'],
						'top'    => $request['y'],
						'width'  => $request['width'],
						'height' => $request['height'],
					),
				);
			}

			if ( 0 === count( $modifiers ) ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_image_not_edited',
					__( 'The image was not edited. Edit the image before applying the changes.' ),
					array( 'status' => 400 )
				);
			}
		}

		/*
		 * If the file doesn't exist, attempt a URL fopen on the src link.
		 * This can occur with certain file replication plugins.
		 * Keep the original file path to get a modified name later.
		 */
		$image_file_to_edit = $image_file;
		if ( ! file_exists( $image_file_to_edit ) ) {
			$image_file_to_edit = _load_image_to_edit_path( $attachment_id );
		}

		$image_editor = wp_get_image_editor( $image_file_to_edit );

		if ( is_wp_error( $image_editor ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_unknown_image_file_type',
				__( 'Unable to edit this image.' ),
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		foreach ( $modifiers as $modifier ) {
			$args = $modifier['args'];
			switch ( $modifier['type'] ) {
				case 'rotate':
					// Rotation direction: clockwise vs. counter clockwise.
					$rotate = 0 - $args['angle'];

					if ( 0 !== $rotate ) {
						$result = $image_editor->rotate( $rotate );

						if ( is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
							return new WP_Error(
								'rest_image_rotation_failed',
								__( 'Unable to rotate this image.' ),
								array( 'status' => 500 )
							);
						}
					}

					break;

				case 'crop':
					$size = $image_editor->get_size();

					$crop_x = (int) round( ( $size['width'] * $args['left'] ) / 100.0 );
					$crop_y = (int) round( ( $size['height'] * $args['top'] ) / 100.0 );
					$width  = (int) round( ( $size['width'] * $args['width'] ) / 100.0 );
					$height = (int) round( ( $size['height'] * $args['height'] ) / 100.0 );

					if ( $size['width'] !== $width || $size['height'] !== $height ) {
						$result = $image_editor->crop( $crop_x, $crop_y, $width, $height );

						if ( is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
							return new WP_Error(
								'rest_image_crop_failed',
								__( 'Unable to crop this image.' ),
								array( 'status' => 500 )
							);
						}
					}

					break;

			}
		}

		// Calculate the file name.
		$image_ext  = pathinfo( $image_file, PATHINFO_EXTENSION );
		$image_name = wp_basename( $image_file, ".{$image_ext}" );

		/*
		 * Do not append multiple `-edited` to the file name.
		 * The user may be editing a previously edited image.
		 */
		if ( preg_match( '/-edited(-\d+)?$/', $image_name ) ) {
			// Remove any `-1`, `-2`, etc. `wp_unique_filename()` will add the proper number.
			$image_name = preg_replace( '/-edited(-\d+)?$/', '-edited', $image_name );
		} else {
			// Append `-edited` before the extension.
			$image_name .= '-edited';
		}

		$filename = "{$image_name}.{$image_ext}";

		// Create the uploads sub-directory if needed.
		$uploads = wp_upload_dir();

		// Make the file name unique in the (new) upload directory.
		$filename = wp_unique_filename( $uploads['path'], $filename );

		// Save to disk.
		$saved = $image_editor->save( $uploads['path'] . "/$filename" );

		if ( is_wp_error( $saved ) ) {
			return $saved;
		}

		// Create new attachment post.
		$new_attachment_post = array(
			'post_mime_type' => $saved['mime-type'],
			'guid'           => $uploads['url'] . "/$filename",
			'post_title'     => $image_name,
			'post_content'   => '',
		);

		// Copy post_content, post_excerpt, and post_title from the edited image's attachment post.
		$attachment_post = get_post( $attachment_id );

		if ( $attachment_post ) {
			$new_attachment_post['post_content'] = $attachment_post->post_content;
			$new_attachment_post['post_excerpt'] = $attachment_post->post_excerpt;
			$new_attachment_post['post_title']   = $attachment_post->post_title;
		}

		$new_attachment_id = wp_insert_attachment( wp_slash( $new_attachment_post ), $saved['path'], 0, true );

		if ( is_wp_error( $new_attachment_id ) ) {
			if ( 'db_update_error' === $new_attachment_id->get_error_code() ) {
				$new_attachment_id->add_data( array( 'status' => 500 ) );
			} else {
				$new_attachment_id->add_data( array( 'status' => 400 ) );
			}

			return $new_attachment_id;
		}

		// Copy the image alt text from the edited image.
		$image_alt = get_post_meta( $attachment_id, '_wp_attachment_image_alt', true );

		if ( ! empty( $image_alt ) ) {
			// update_post_meta() expects slashed.
			update_post_meta( $new_attachment_id, '_wp_attachment_image_alt', wp_slash( $image_alt ) );
		}

		if ( wp_is_serving_rest_request() ) {
			/*
			 * Set a custom header with the attachment_id.
			 * Used by the browser/client to resume creating image sub-sizes after a PHP fatal error.
			 */
			header( 'X-WP-Upload-Attachment-ID: ' . $new_attachment_id );
		}

		// Generate image sub-sizes and meta.
		$new_image_meta = wp_generate_attachment_metadata( $new_attachment_id, $saved['path'] );

		// Copy the EXIF metadata from the original attachment if not generated for the edited image.
		if ( isset( $image_meta['image_meta'] ) && isset( $new_image_meta['image_meta'] ) && is_array( $new_image_meta['image_meta'] ) ) {
			// Merge but skip empty values.
			foreach ( (array) $image_meta['image_meta'] as $key => $value ) {
				if ( empty( $new_image_meta['image_meta'][ $key ] ) && ! empty( $value ) ) {
					$new_image_meta['image_meta'][ $key ] = $value;
				}
			}
		}

		// Reset orientation. At this point the image is edited and orientation is correct.
		if ( ! empty( $new_image_meta['image_meta']['orientation'] ) ) {
			$new_image_meta['image_meta']['orientation'] = 1;
		}

		// The attachment_id may change if the site is exported and imported.
		$new_image_meta['parent_image'] = array(
			'attachment_id' => $attachment_id,
			// Path to the originally uploaded image file relative to the uploads directory.
			'file'          => _wp_relative_upload_path( $image_file ),
		);

		/**
		 * Filters the meta data for the new image created by editing an existing image.
		 *
		 * @since 5.5.0
		 *
		 * @param array $new_image_meta    Meta data for the new image.
		 * @param int   $new_attachment_id Attachment post ID for the new image.
		 * @param int   $attachment_id     Attachment post ID for the edited (parent) image.
		 */
		$new_image_meta = apply_filters( 'wp_edited_image_metadata', $new_image_meta, $new_attachment_id, $attachment_id );

		wp_update_attachment_metadata( $new_attachment_id, $new_image_meta );

		$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( get_post( $new_attachment_id ), $request );
		$response->set_status( 201 );
		$response->header( 'Location', rest_url( sprintf( '%s/%s/%s', $this->namespace, $this->rest_base, $new_attachment_id ) ) );

		return $response;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a single attachment for create or update.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return stdClass|WP_Error Post object.
	 */
	protected function prepare_item_for_database( $request ) {
		$prepared_attachment = parent::prepare_item_for_database( $request );

		// Attachment caption (post_excerpt internally).
		if ( isset( $request['caption'] ) ) {
			if ( is_string( $request['caption'] ) ) {
				$prepared_attachment->post_excerpt = $request['caption'];
			} elseif ( isset( $request['caption']['raw'] ) ) {
				$prepared_attachment->post_excerpt = $request['caption']['raw'];
			}
		}

		// Attachment description (post_content internally).
		if ( isset( $request['description'] ) ) {
			if ( is_string( $request['description'] ) ) {
				$prepared_attachment->post_content = $request['description'];
			} elseif ( isset( $request['description']['raw'] ) ) {
				$prepared_attachment->post_content = $request['description']['raw'];
			}
		}

		if ( isset( $request['post'] ) ) {
			$prepared_attachment->post_parent = (int) $request['post'];
		}

		return $prepared_attachment;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares a single attachment output for response.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @since 5.9.0 Renamed `$post` to `$item` to match parent class for PHP 8 named parameter support.
	 *
	 * @param WP_Post         $item    Attachment object.
	 * @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
	 * @return WP_REST_Response Response object.
	 */
	public function prepare_item_for_response( $item, $request ) {
		// Restores the more descriptive, specific name for use within this method.
		$post = $item;

		$response = parent::prepare_item_for_response( $post, $request );
		$fields   = $this->get_fields_for_response( $request );
		$data     = $response->get_data();

		if ( in_array( 'description', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['description'] = array(
				'raw'      => $post->post_content,
				/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post-template.php */
				'rendered' => apply_filters( 'the_content', $post->post_content ),
			);
		}

		if ( in_array( 'caption', $fields, true ) ) {
			/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post-template.php */
			$caption = apply_filters( 'get_the_excerpt', $post->post_excerpt, $post );

			/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/post-template.php */
			$caption = apply_filters( 'the_excerpt', $caption );

			$data['caption'] = array(
				'raw'      => $post->post_excerpt,
				'rendered' => $caption,
			);
		}

		if ( in_array( 'alt_text', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['alt_text'] = get_post_meta( $post->ID, '_wp_attachment_image_alt', true );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'media_type', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['media_type'] = wp_attachment_is_image( $post->ID ) ? 'image' : 'file';
		}

		if ( in_array( 'mime_type', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['mime_type'] = $post->post_mime_type;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'media_details', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['media_details'] = wp_get_attachment_metadata( $post->ID );

			// Ensure empty details is an empty object.
			if ( empty( $data['media_details'] ) ) {
				$data['media_details'] = new stdClass();
			} elseif ( ! empty( $data['media_details']['sizes'] ) ) {

				foreach ( $data['media_details']['sizes'] as $size => &$size_data ) {

					if ( isset( $size_data['mime-type'] ) ) {
						$size_data['mime_type'] = $size_data['mime-type'];
						unset( $size_data['mime-type'] );
					}

					// Use the same method image_downsize() does.
					$image_src = wp_get_attachment_image_src( $post->ID, $size );
					if ( ! $image_src ) {
						continue;
					}

					$size_data['source_url'] = $image_src[0];
				}

				$full_src = wp_get_attachment_image_src( $post->ID, 'full' );

				if ( ! empty( $full_src ) ) {
					$data['media_details']['sizes']['full'] = array(
						'file'       => wp_basename( $full_src[0] ),
						'width'      => $full_src[1],
						'height'     => $full_src[2],
						'mime_type'  => $post->post_mime_type,
						'source_url' => $full_src[0],
					);
				}
			} else {
				$data['media_details']['sizes'] = new stdClass();
			}
		}

		if ( in_array( 'post', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['post'] = ! empty( $post->post_parent ) ? (int) $post->post_parent : null;
		}

		if ( in_array( 'source_url', $fields, true ) ) {
			$data['source_url'] = wp_get_attachment_url( $post->ID );
		}

		if ( in_array( 'missing_image_sizes', $fields, true ) ) {
			require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/image.php';
			$data['missing_image_sizes'] = array_keys( wp_get_missing_image_subsizes( $post->ID ) );
		}

		$context = ! empty( $request['context'] ) ? $request['context'] : 'view';

		$data = $this->filter_response_by_context( $data, $context );

		$links = $response->get_links();

		// Wrap the data in a response object.
		$response = rest_ensure_response( $data );

		foreach ( $links as $rel => $rel_links ) {
			foreach ( $rel_links as $link ) {
				$response->add_link( $rel, $link['href'], $link['attributes'] );
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Filters an attachment returned from the REST API.
		 *
		 * Allows modification of the attachment right before it is returned.
		 *
		 * @since 4.7.0
		 *
		 * @param WP_REST_Response $response The response object.
		 * @param WP_Post          $post     The original attachment post.
		 * @param WP_REST_Request  $request  Request used to generate the response.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'rest_prepare_attachment', $response, $post, $request );
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the attachment's schema, conforming to JSON Schema.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array Item schema as an array.
	 */
	public function get_item_schema() {
		if ( $this->schema ) {
			return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
		}

		$schema = parent::get_item_schema();

		$schema['properties']['alt_text'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Alternative text to display when attachment is not displayed.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
			'arg_options' => array(
				'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',
			),
		);

		$schema['properties']['caption'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'The attachment caption.' ),
			'type'        => 'object',
			'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
			'arg_options' => array(
				'sanitize_callback' => null, // Note: sanitization implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
				'validate_callback' => null, // Note: validation implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
			),
			'properties'  => array(
				'raw'      => array(
					'description' => __( 'Caption for the attachment, as it exists in the database.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
				),
				'rendered' => array(
					'description' => __( 'HTML caption for the attachment, transformed for display.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
			),
		);

		$schema['properties']['description'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'The attachment description.' ),
			'type'        => 'object',
			'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
			'arg_options' => array(
				'sanitize_callback' => null, // Note: sanitization implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
				'validate_callback' => null, // Note: validation implemented in self::prepare_item_for_database().
			),
			'properties'  => array(
				'raw'      => array(
					'description' => __( 'Description for the attachment, as it exists in the database.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
				),
				'rendered' => array(
					'description' => __( 'HTML description for the attachment, transformed for display.' ),
					'type'        => 'string',
					'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
					'readonly'    => true,
				),
			),
		);

		$schema['properties']['media_type'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Attachment type.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'enum'        => array( 'image', 'file' ),
			'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
			'readonly'    => true,
		);

		$schema['properties']['mime_type'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'The attachment MIME type.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
			'readonly'    => true,
		);

		$schema['properties']['media_details'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'Details about the media file, specific to its type.' ),
			'type'        => 'object',
			'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
			'readonly'    => true,
		);

		$schema['properties']['post'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'The ID for the associated post of the attachment.' ),
			'type'        => 'integer',
			'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
		);

		$schema['properties']['source_url'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'URL to the original attachment file.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'format'      => 'uri',
			'context'     => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
			'readonly'    => true,
		);

		$schema['properties']['missing_image_sizes'] = array(
			'description' => __( 'List of the missing image sizes of the attachment.' ),
			'type'        => 'array',
			'items'       => array( 'type' => 'string' ),
			'context'     => array( 'edit' ),
			'readonly'    => true,
		);

		unset( $schema['properties']['password'] );

		$this->schema = $schema;

		return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
	}

	/**
	 * Handles an upload via raw POST data.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @since 6.6.0 Added the `$time` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param string      $data    Supplied file data.
	 * @param array       $headers HTTP headers from the request.
	 * @param string|null $time    Optional. Time formatted in 'yyyy/mm'. Default null.
	 * @return array|WP_Error Data from wp_handle_sideload().
	 */
	protected function upload_from_data( $data, $headers, $time = null ) {
		if ( empty( $data ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_no_data',
				__( 'No data supplied.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		if ( empty( $headers['content_type'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_no_content_type',
				__( 'No Content-Type supplied.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		if ( empty( $headers['content_disposition'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_no_content_disposition',
				__( 'No Content-Disposition supplied.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		$filename = self::get_filename_from_disposition( $headers['content_disposition'] );

		if ( empty( $filename ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_invalid_disposition',
				__( 'Invalid Content-Disposition supplied. Content-Disposition needs to be formatted as `attachment; filename="image.png"` or similar.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		if ( ! empty( $headers['content_md5'] ) ) {
			$content_md5 = array_shift( $headers['content_md5'] );
			$expected    = trim( $content_md5 );
			$actual      = md5( $data );

			if ( $expected !== $actual ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_upload_hash_mismatch',
					__( 'Content hash did not match expected.' ),
					array( 'status' => 412 )
				);
			}
		}

		// Get the content-type.
		$type = array_shift( $headers['content_type'] );

		// Include filesystem functions to get access to wp_tempnam() and wp_handle_sideload().
		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/file.php';

		// Save the file.
		$tmpfname = wp_tempnam( $filename );

		$fp = fopen( $tmpfname, 'w+' );

		if ( ! $fp ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_file_error',
				__( 'Could not open file handle.' ),
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		fwrite( $fp, $data );
		fclose( $fp );

		// Now, sideload it in.
		$file_data = array(
			'error'    => null,
			'tmp_name' => $tmpfname,
			'name'     => $filename,
			'type'     => $type,
		);

		$size_check = self::check_upload_size( $file_data );
		if ( is_wp_error( $size_check ) ) {
			return $size_check;
		}

		$overrides = array(
			'test_form' => false,
		);

		$sideloaded = wp_handle_sideload( $file_data, $overrides, $time );

		if ( isset( $sideloaded['error'] ) ) {
			@unlink( $tmpfname );

			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_sideload_error',
				$sideloaded['error'],
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		return $sideloaded;
	}

	/**
	 * Parses filename from a Content-Disposition header value.
	 *
	 * As per RFC6266:
	 *
	 *     content-disposition = "Content-Disposition" ":"
	 *                            disposition-type *( ";" disposition-parm )
	 *
	 *     disposition-type    = "inline" | "attachment" | disp-ext-type
	 *                         ; case-insensitive
	 *     disp-ext-type       = token
	 *
	 *     disposition-parm    = filename-parm | disp-ext-parm
	 *
	 *     filename-parm       = "filename" "=" value
	 *                         | "filename*" "=" ext-value
	 *
	 *     disp-ext-parm       = token "=" value
	 *                         | ext-token "=" ext-value
	 *     ext-token           = <the characters in token, followed by "*">
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388
	 * @link https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6266
	 *
	 * @param string[] $disposition_header List of Content-Disposition header values.
	 * @return string|null Filename if available, or null if not found.
	 */
	public static function get_filename_from_disposition( $disposition_header ) {
		// Get the filename.
		$filename = null;

		foreach ( $disposition_header as $value ) {
			$value = trim( $value );

			if ( ! str_contains( $value, ';' ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			list( $type, $attr_parts ) = explode( ';', $value, 2 );

			$attr_parts = explode( ';', $attr_parts );
			$attributes = array();

			foreach ( $attr_parts as $part ) {
				if ( ! str_contains( $part, '=' ) ) {
					continue;
				}

				list( $key, $value ) = explode( '=', $part, 2 );

				$attributes[ trim( $key ) ] = trim( $value );
			}

			if ( empty( $attributes['filename'] ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$filename = trim( $attributes['filename'] );

			// Unquote quoted filename, but after trimming.
			if ( str_starts_with( $filename, '"' ) && str_ends_with( $filename, '"' ) ) {
				$filename = substr( $filename, 1, -1 );
			}
		}

		return $filename;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the query params for collections of attachments.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array Query parameters for the attachment collection as an array.
	 */
	public function get_collection_params() {
		$params                            = parent::get_collection_params();
		$params['status']['default']       = 'inherit';
		$params['status']['items']['enum'] = array( 'inherit', 'private', 'trash' );
		$media_types                       = $this->get_media_types();

		$params['media_type'] = array(
			'default'     => null,
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to attachments of a particular media type.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
			'enum'        => array_keys( $media_types ),
		);

		$params['mime_type'] = array(
			'default'     => null,
			'description' => __( 'Limit result set to attachments of a particular MIME type.' ),
			'type'        => 'string',
		);

		return $params;
	}

	/**
	 * Handles an upload via multipart/form-data ($_FILES).
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 * @since 6.6.0 Added the `$time` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param array       $files   Data from the `$_FILES` superglobal.
	 * @param array       $headers HTTP headers from the request.
	 * @param string|null $time    Optional. Time formatted in 'yyyy/mm'. Default null.
	 * @return array|WP_Error Data from wp_handle_upload().
	 */
	protected function upload_from_file( $files, $headers, $time = null ) {
		if ( empty( $files ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_no_data',
				__( 'No data supplied.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Verify hash, if given.
		if ( ! empty( $headers['content_md5'] ) ) {
			$content_md5 = array_shift( $headers['content_md5'] );
			$expected    = trim( $content_md5 );
			$actual      = md5_file( $files['file']['tmp_name'] );

			if ( $expected !== $actual ) {
				return new WP_Error(
					'rest_upload_hash_mismatch',
					__( 'Content hash did not match expected.' ),
					array( 'status' => 412 )
				);
			}
		}

		// Pass off to WP to handle the actual upload.
		$overrides = array(
			'test_form' => false,
		);

		// Bypasses is_uploaded_file() when running unit tests.
		if ( defined( 'DIR_TESTDATA' ) && DIR_TESTDATA ) {
			$overrides['action'] = 'wp_handle_mock_upload';
		}

		$size_check = self::check_upload_size( $files['file'] );
		if ( is_wp_error( $size_check ) ) {
			return $size_check;
		}

		// Include filesystem functions to get access to wp_handle_upload().
		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/file.php';

		$file = wp_handle_upload( $files['file'], $overrides, $time );

		if ( isset( $file['error'] ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_unknown_error',
				$file['error'],
				array( 'status' => 500 )
			);
		}

		return $file;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the supported media types.
	 *
	 * Media types are considered the MIME type category.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @return array Array of supported media types.
	 */
	protected function get_media_types() {
		$media_types = array();

		foreach ( get_allowed_mime_types() as $mime_type ) {
			$parts = explode( '/', $mime_type );

			if ( ! isset( $media_types[ $parts[0] ] ) ) {
				$media_types[ $parts[0] ] = array();
			}

			$media_types[ $parts[0] ][] = $mime_type;
		}

		return $media_types;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine if uploaded file exceeds space quota on multisite.
	 *
	 * Replicates check_upload_size().
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.8
	 *
	 * @param array $file $_FILES array for a given file.
	 * @return true|WP_Error True if can upload, error for errors.
	 */
	protected function check_upload_size( $file ) {
		if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
			return true;
		}

		if ( get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		$space_left = get_upload_space_available();

		$file_size = filesize( $file['tmp_name'] );

		if ( $space_left < $file_size ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_limited_space',
				/* translators: %s: Required disk space in kilobytes. */
				sprintf( __( 'Not enough space to upload. %s KB needed.' ), number_format( ( $file_size - $space_left ) / KB_IN_BYTES ) ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		if ( $file_size > ( KB_IN_BYTES * get_site_option( 'fileupload_maxk', 1500 ) ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_file_too_big',
				/* translators: %s: Maximum allowed file size in kilobytes. */
				sprintf( __( 'This file is too big. Files must be less than %s KB in size.' ), get_site_option( 'fileupload_maxk', 1500 ) ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		// Include multisite admin functions to get access to upload_is_user_over_quota().
		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/ms.php';

		if ( upload_is_user_over_quota( false ) ) {
			return new WP_Error(
				'rest_upload_user_quota_exceeded',
				__( 'You have used your space quota. Please delete files before uploading.' ),
				array( 'status' => 400 )
			);
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the request args for the edit item route.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	protected function get_edit_media_item_args() {
		return array(
			'src'       => array(
				'description' => __( 'URL to the edited image file.' ),
				'type'        => 'string',
				'format'      => 'uri',
				'required'    => true,
			),
			'modifiers' => array(
				'description' => __( 'Array of image edits.' ),
				'type'        => 'array',
				'minItems'    => 1,
				'items'       => array(
					'description' => __( 'Image edit.' ),
					'type'        => 'object',
					'required'    => array(
						'type',
						'args',
					),
					'oneOf'       => array(
						array(
							'title'      => __( 'Rotation' ),
							'properties' => array(
								'type' => array(
									'description' => __( 'Rotation type.' ),
									'type'        => 'string',
									'enum'        => array( 'rotate' ),
								),
								'args' => array(
									'description' => __( 'Rotation arguments.' ),
									'type'        => 'object',
									'required'    => array(
										'angle',
									),
									'properties'  => array(
										'angle' => array(
											'description' => __( 'Angle to rotate clockwise in degrees.' ),
											'type'        => 'number',
										),
									),
								),
							),
						),
						array(
							'title'      => __( 'Crop' ),
							'properties' => array(
								'type' => array(
									'description' => __( 'Crop type.' ),
									'type'        => 'string',
									'enum'        => array( 'crop' ),
								),
								'args' => array(
									'description' => __( 'Crop arguments.' ),
									'type'        => 'object',
									'required'    => array(
										'left',
										'top',
										'width',
										'height',
									),
									'properties'  => array(
										'left'   => array(
											'description' => __( 'Horizontal position from the left to begin the crop as a percentage of the image width.' ),
											'type'        => 'number',
										),
										'top'    => array(
											'description' => __( 'Vertical position from the top to begin the crop as a percentage of the image height.' ),
											'type'        => 'number',
										),
										'width'  => array(
											'description' => __( 'Width of the crop as a percentage of the image width.' ),
											'type'        => 'number',
										),
										'height' => array(
											'description' => __( 'Height of the crop as a percentage of the image height.' ),
											'type'        => 'number',
										),
									),
								),
							),
						),
					),
				),
			),
			'rotation'  => array(
				'description'      => __( 'The amount to rotate the image clockwise in degrees. DEPRECATED: Use `modifiers` instead.' ),
				'type'             => 'integer',
				'minimum'          => 0,
				'exclusiveMinimum' => true,
				'maximum'          => 360,
				'exclusiveMaximum' => true,
			),
			'x'         => array(
				'description' => __( 'As a percentage of the image, the x position to start the crop from. DEPRECATED: Use `modifiers` instead.' ),
				'type'        => 'number',
				'minimum'     => 0,
				'maximum'     => 100,
			),
			'y'         => array(
				'description' => __( 'As a percentage of the image, the y position to start the crop from. DEPRECATED: Use `modifiers` instead.' ),
				'type'        => 'number',
				'minimum'     => 0,
				'maximum'     => 100,
			),
			'width'     => array(
				'description' => __( 'As a percentage of the image, the width to crop the image to. DEPRECATED: Use `modifiers` instead.' ),
				'type'        => 'number',
				'minimum'     => 0,
				'maximum'     => 100,
			),
			'height'    => array(
				'description' => __( 'As a percentage of the image, the height to crop the image to. DEPRECATED: Use `modifiers` instead.' ),
				'type'        => 'number',
				'minimum'     => 0,
				'maximum'     => 100,
			),
		);
	}
}<!doctype html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
	<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7744495812468961"
     crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
	
	<script async custom-element="amp-auto-ads"
        src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-auto-ads-0.1.js">
</script>
		
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
	<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">

	<title>Sanathan Dharm Veda</title>
<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Sanathan Dharm Veda &raquo; Feed" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Sanathan Dharm Veda &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/comments/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Sanathan Dharm Veda &raquo;  Comments Feed" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/feed/" />
<script type="text/javascript">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/sanatandharmveda.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.5"}};
/*! This file is auto-generated */
!function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);
/* ]]> */
</script>
<style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>

	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.5' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='hostinger-affiliate-plugin-block-frontend-css' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/plugins/hostinger-affiliate-plugin/assets/dist/frontend.css?ver=1776577339' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
</style>
<style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/css/bootstrap.css?ver=4.0' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='logitech-flaticon-css' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/css/flaticon.css?ver=6.6.5' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='owl-slider-css' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/css/owl.carousel.min.css?ver=6.6.5' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='lightgallery-css' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/css/lightgallery.css?ver=6.6.5' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='logitech-style-css' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/style.css?ver=6.6.5' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='logitech-preload-css' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/css/royal-preload.css?ver=6.6.5' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="logitech_scripts-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var logitech_loadmore_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/sanatandharmveda.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/myloadmore.js?ver=1776916369" id="logitech_scripts-js"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/18987" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.5" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://sanatandharmveda.com/?p=18987' />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsanatandharmveda.com%2F18987-2%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsanatandharmveda.com%2F18987-2%2F&#038;format=xml" />
<link rel="pingback" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/xmlrpc.php"><style type="text/css">
		  	/****Main Color****/

			/*Background Color*/
			.bg-primary,
			.list-primary li:before,
			.btn-details:hover,
			.owl-carousel .owl-dots button.owl-dot.active span,
			.owl-carousel .owl-dots button.owl-dot:hover span,
			.owl-carousel .owl-nav button.owl-prev:hover,.owl-carousel .owl-nav button.owl-next:hover,
			.octf-btn,
			.octf-btn-dark:hover, .octf-btn-dark:focus,
			.octf-btn-light:hover, .octf-btn-light:focus,
			.octf-btn.octf-btn-border:hover, .octf-btn.octf-btn-border:focus,
			.main-navigation > ul > li:before,
			.post-box .post-cat a,
			.post-box .btn-play:hover i,
			.page-pagination li span, .page-pagination li a:hover,
			.blog-post .share-post a,
			.post-nav > div .thumb-post:before,
			.post-nav .post-prev.not-thumb a:hover .thumb-post:before,
			.post-nav .post-next.not-thumb a:hover .thumb-post:before,
			.widget-area .widget .widget-title:before,
			.widget-area .widget_categories ul li a:before,.widget-area .widget_product_categories ul li a:before,.widget-area .widget_archive ul li a:before,
			.search-form .search-submit,
			.author-widget_social a:hover,
			.bline-yes .icon-box-1:after,
			.bline-yes .icon-box-2 .content-box:after,
			.box-s2.icon-right .icon-main,
			.ot-image-box:hover .link-box,
			.line-progress .progress-bar,
			.ot-pricing-table.is-featured .inner-table .title-table span,
			.ot-pricing-table.is-featured .octf-btn,
			.circle-social .team-social a:hover,
			.ot-accordions .acc-item.current .acc-toggle,
			.ot-testimonials .tphoto:after,
			.ot-message-box .icon-main,
			.ot-minicart .count,
			.ot-heading > span.is_line:before,
			.mc4wp-form-fields .subscribe-inner-form .subscribe-btn-icon:hover,
			#back-to-top,
			.error-404 .page-content form button:hover,
			.woocommerce ul.products li.product .added_to_cart, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .product_type_grouped, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product .added_to_cart, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product .product_type_grouped,
			.woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt, .woocommerce a.button.alt,.woocommerce button.button.alt, .woocommerce input.button.alt,.woocommerce #respond input#submit, .woocommerce a.button,.woocommerce input.button, .woocommerce button.button.alt.disabled,
			.woocommerce button.button,
			.woocommerce-mini-cart__buttons a.button.wc-forward,
			.woocommerce-mini-cart__buttons a.button.wc-forward:hover{ background: #ef7008; }
			.post-box .entry-meta .btn-details:hover, 
			.widget .tagcloud a:hover,
			.ot-heading > span.is_highlight,
			.icon-box-1 .icon-main{background: rgba(239,112,8,0.1);}
			.team-3 .team-thumb a:before{background: rgba(239,112,8,0.8);}
			.projects-grid .projects-box .portfolio-info,
			.projects-grid.style-3 .projects-thumbnail .overlay{background: rgba(239,112,8,0.9);}

			/*Background Image*/
			.author-widget_wrapper:before{ background-image: linear-gradient(230deg, #ef7008 -150%, #fff 80%); }

			/*Border Color*/
			.octf-btn.octf-btn-border,
			.post-box .entry-meta .btn-details:hover,
			.post-box .btn-play:hover i,
			.page-pagination li span, .page-pagination li a:hover,
			.blog-post .tagcloud a:hover,
			.widget .tagcloud a:hover,
			.ot-heading > span.is_highlight,
			.ot-image-box:hover .link-box,
			.ot-accordions .acc-item.current .acc-toggle,
			.ot-tabs .tab-link.current, .ot-tabs .tab-link:hover,
			.ot-video-button a:hover span,
			.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li a:hover,
			.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active a{ border-color: #ef7008; }

			/*Border Top Color*/
			.woocommerce-message,
			.woocommerce-info{ border-top-color: #ef7008; }

			/*Color*/
			blockquote:before,
			blockquote cite,
			.text-primary,
			.link-details,
			.link-details:visited,
			.octf-btn.octf-btn-border,
			.octf-btn.octf-btn-border:visited,
			a:hover, a:focus, a:active,
			.main-navigation > ul > li:hover > a,
			.main-navigation ul li li a:hover,.main-navigation ul ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-item > a,.main-navigation ul ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-ancestor > a,
			.main-navigation ul > li.menu-item-has-children:hover > a,
			.main-navigation ul > li.menu-item-has-children:hover > a:after,
			.main-navigation ul > li.menu-item-has-children > a:hover:after,
			.header_mobile .mobile_nav .mobile_mainmenu li li a:hover,.header_mobile .mobile_nav .mobile_mainmenu ul > li > ul > li.current-menu-ancestor > a,
			.header_mobile .mobile_nav .mobile_mainmenu > li > a:hover, .header_mobile .mobile_nav .mobile_mainmenu > li.current-menu-item > a,.header_mobile .mobile_nav .mobile_mainmenu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a,
			.post-box .entry-meta a:hover,
			.post-box .entry-meta .btn-details:hover,
			.post-box .entry-title a:hover,
			.post-box .link-box a:hover,
			.post-box .link-box i,
			.post-box .quote-box i,
			.post-box .quote-box .quote-text span,
			.blog-post .tagcloud a:hover,
			.blog-post .author-bio .author-info .author-socials a:hover,
			.comments-area .comment-item .comment-meta .comment-reply-link,
			.comment-respond .comment-reply-title small a:hover,
			.comment-form .logged-in-as a:hover,
			.widget .tagcloud a:hover,
			.widget-area .widget ul:not(.recent-news) > li a:hover,
			.widget-area .widget_categories ul li a:hover + span.posts-count,.widget-area .widget_product_categories ul li a:hover + span.posts-count,.widget-area .widget_archive ul li a:hover + span.posts-count,
			.ot-heading > span,
			.icon-box .icon-main,
			.icon-box-grid .icon-box .icon-main,
			.icon-box-grid .icon-box .content-box .title-box a:hover,
			.icon-box-grid .icon-box:hover .icon-main,
			.ot-image-box .link-box,
			.ot-counter span,
			.ot-counter-2 i,
			.ot-countdown li.seperator,
			.ot-pricing-table .inner-table h2,
			.project_filters li a:before,
			.project_filters li a .filter-count,
			.project_filters li a.selected, .project_filters li a:hover,
			.ot-team .team-info span,
			.ot-testimonials .t-head span,
			.woocommerce ul.products li.product .price .woocommerce-Price-amount, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product .price .woocommerce-Price-amount,
			.woocommerce table.shop_table td.product-price, .woocommerce table.shop_table td.product-subtotal,
			.woocommerce-message:before,
			.woocommerce-info:before,
			.woocommerce .woocommerce-Price-amount,
			.woocommerce .site ul.product_list_widget li a:not(.remove):hover,
			.woocommerce .woocommerce-widget-layered-nav-list li a:hover,
			.woocommerce .widget_price_filter .price_slider_amount button.button,
			.woocommerce div.product p.price,.woocommerce div.product span.price{ color: #ef7008; }

			/*Other*/
			.icon-box .icon-main svg,
			.icon-box-grid .icon-box .icon-main svg,
			.ot-counter-2 svg{ fill: #ef7008; }
				</style><style type="text/css">h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
			blockquote,
			.font-second,
			.link-details,
			.slide-rev-subtitle,
			.octf-btn,
			select,
			.main-navigation ul,
			.page-header,
			.post-box .post-cat a,
			.post-box .entry-meta,
			.post-box .link-box a,
			.post-box .quote-box .quote-text,
			.page-pagination li a, .page-pagination li span,
			.blog-post .tagcloud a,
			.drop-cap,
			.post-nav,
			.comments-area .comment-item .comment-meta .comment-time,
			.comments-area .comment-item .comment-meta .comment-reply-link,
			.comment-form .logged-in-as,
			.widget .tagcloud a,
			.widget table,
			.widget .recent-news .post-on,
			.ot-heading,
			.ot-flip-box .number-title span,
			.ot-counter,
			.ot-counter span,
			.ot-countdown li span,
			.line-progress .percent,
			.project_filters li a,
			.projects-grid .projects-box .portfolio-info .portfolio-cates,
			.project-slider .projects-box .portfolio-info .portfolio-cates,
			.ot-team .team-info span,
			.member-info li span,
			.ot-accordions .acc-item .acc-toggle,
			.ot-tabs .tab-link,
			.ot-testimonials .t-head,
			.features-service-wrapper .features-service-item .features-service-content,
			div.elementor-widget-heading.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title,
			.elementor-element .elementor-widget-button .elementor-button,
			.elementor-default .elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap,
			.elementor-widget-wp-widget-polylang .lang-item,
			#lang_choice_wp-widget-polylang,
			.mmenu-wrapper .mobile_mainmenu,
			.woocommerce ul.products li.product, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product,
			.woocommerce ul.products li.product .added_to_cart, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .product_type_grouped, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product .added_to_cart, .woocommerce-page ul.products li.product .product_type_grouped,
			.woocommerce table.shop_table,
			.woocommerce .quantity .qty,
			.cart_totals h2,
			#add_payment_method .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table td, #add_payment_method .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table th,.woocommerce-cart .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table td, .woocommerce-cart .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table th,.woocommerce-checkout .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table td, .woocommerce-checkout .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table th,
			.woocommerce .site ul.product_list_widget li a:not(.remove),
			.woocommerce .widget_shopping_cart .cart_list .quantity,
			.woocommerce .widget_shopping_cart .total strong,.woocommerce.widget_shopping_cart .total strong,
			.woocommerce .widget_shopping_cart .total .woocommerce-Price-amount,.woocommerce.widget_shopping_cart .total .woocommerce-Price-amount,
			.woocommerce-mini-cart__buttons a.button.wc-forward,
			.woocommerce .woocommerce-widget-layered-nav-list,
			.woocommerce .widget_price_filter .price_slider_amount,
			.woocommerce .widget_price_filter .price_slider_amount button.button,
			.product_meta > span,
			.woocommerce div.product .entry-summary p.price,.woocommerce div.product .entry-summary span.price{ font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;}
		    </style><link rel="icon" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cropped-cropped-pexels-himeshmehtaa25-3519190-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cropped-cropped-pexels-himeshmehtaa25-3519190-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cropped-cropped-pexels-himeshmehtaa25-3519190-180x180.jpg" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cropped-cropped-pexels-himeshmehtaa25-3519190-270x270.jpg" />
</head>

<body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-18987 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo royal_preloader logitech-theme-ver-5.0 wordpress-version-6.6.5 footer-fixed">
<div id="royal_preloader" data-width="101" data-height="101" data-url="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Sanathana-Dharma-Veda-Main-1.png" data-color="#0a0f2b" data-bgcolor="#fff"></div><div id="page" class="site">
	
	<amp-auto-ads type="adsense"
        data-ad-client="ca-pub-7744495812468961">
</amp-auto-ads>

<!-- #site-header-open -->
<header id="site-header" class="site-header header-transparent">

    <!-- #header-desktop-open -->
    <div class="header-desktop"></div>    <!-- #header-desktop-close -->

    <!-- #header-mobile-open -->
    <div class="header-mobile"></div>    <!-- #header-mobile-close -->

</header>
<!-- #site-header-close -->
<!-- #side-panel-open -->
<!-- #side-panel-close --><!-- #site-content-open -->
<div id="content" class="site-content">
	        
            <div class="page-header flex-middle" >
                <div class="container">
                    <div class="inner flex-middle">
                                                    <h1 class="page-title"></h1>
                        <ul id="breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumbs none-style"><li><a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com">Home</a></li><li><a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/blog/">Blog</a></li><li class="active"></li></ul>    
                            </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        	<div class="entry-content">
		<div class="container">
			<div class="row">
				<div id="primary" class="content-area col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
					<main id="main" class="site-main">
						
					
 

<article id="post-18987" class="blog-post post-box post-18987 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-blog">
    
    <div class="inner-post no-ptop">
        <div class="post-cat"><div class="posted-in"><a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/category/blog/" rel="category tag">Blog</a></div></div>        <div class="entry-header">
            <div class="entry-meta">
                            </div>
            
        </div>

        <div class="entry-summary">

            <p>How Online Baccarat Became Maryland’s New Favorite Game</p>
<p>The glow of casino lights and the rhythm of chips have long pulled Americans into gambling. In the Mid‑Atlantic, a quieter shift has taken place: online baccarat. Maryland’s legal framework is still maturing, yet residents find ways to enjoy the classic card game from home, on their phones, or at the office. This piece looks at the rise of online baccarat in Maryland, the legal backdrop, player experiences, and practical advice for those eager to play.</p>
<p>Learn the rules and regulations before you decide to play baccarat in Maryland: <a href="https://baccarat.casinos-in-maryland.com/">Maryland</a>. Legal Landscape: Where Maryland Players Can Safely Play</p>
<p>Maryland’s approach to online gambling remains tentative. The <em>Maryland Online Gaming Act</em> of 2024 allows licensed operators to offer sports betting and casino games, but full regulation of online casino gaming is not yet in place. As a result, many Marylanders turn to offshore platforms that accept U. S.traffic.</p>
<p>Players should proceed carefully. A reliable resource &#8211; Maryland’s online gaming guide &#8211; lists sites that meet U. S.banking rules and use encrypted connections. Although these sites may be based abroad, they often partner with U. S.payment processors to simplify deposits and withdrawals.</p>
<p>The uncertainty also explains why some Maryland players prefer offline options: playing in land‑based casinos or using mobile apps that simulate a casino environment but operate under different licensing agreements. In either case, the goal is a safe, enjoyable experience that respects local law.</p>
<p>The Rise of Mobile Baccarat: From Desktop to Pocket</p>
<p>Smartphones have changed how people play casino games. A 2023 survey by the Global Gaming Association found that 68% of U. S.online gamblers use mobile devices for all their gaming. In Maryland, younger players especially value the convenience and speed of mobile baccarat.</p>
<p>Mobile baccarat apps offer several benefits:</p>
<ul>
<li>Accessibility: Games load quickly, and the touch interface lets players shuffle, deal, and bet with a tap.</li>
<li>Micro‑transactions: Apps often provide micro-deposit options, allowing players to test strategies without committing large sums.</li>
<li>Visit <a href="https://stake.us/">stake.us</a> for exclusive offers on online casino games. Real‑time notifications: Push alerts inform players about bonuses, promotions, or new dealer sessions.</li>
</ul>
<p>Screen size limits can make it harder to view multiple cards at once, and some users report slower loading during peak hours. However, top-rated apps now use adaptive streaming technology to reduce lag even on older devices.</p>
<p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/r_RxNKrx0c0" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p>
<p>Live Dealer vs. RNG: Which Experience Wins the Heart?</p>
<p>Maryland players debate whether live dealer baccarat or Random Number Generator (RNG) baccarat delivers a better experience. Each format has distinct strengths.</p>
<p>Live Dealer Baccarat</p>
<ul>
<li>Authenticity: Watching a real dealer handle the cards creates trust and immersion.</li>
<li>Interaction: Players can chat with dealers and other participants, adding a social element.</li>
<li>Visit <a href="https://nike.com/">play baccarat in maryland</a> for exclusive offers on online casino games. Transparency: Video streams show the game’s fairness, easing concerns about manipulation.</li>
</ul>
<p>RNG Baccarat</p>
<ul>
<li>Speed: RNGs can process thousands of hands per minute, allowing continuous play without waiting for a human dealer.</li>
<li>Flexibility: Players can set custom limits and automate betting strategies via bots or scripts.</li>
<li>Accessibility: RNG games run 24/7, regardless of time zones or dealer schedules.</li>
</ul>
<p>A 2024 industry report by Casino Insights shows that 55% of Maryland players prefer live dealer baccarat for authenticity, while 45% favor RNG for speed and flexibility. The choice depends on personal preference and the desired balance between social interaction and efficient bankroll management.</p>
<p>Bankroll Management: Keeping Your Edge in a High‑Roller World</p>
<p>Discipline is essential in online baccarat. Rapid wins or losses can stir emotions. Seasoned Maryland players follow these practices:</p>
<ol>
<li>Set a Fixed Budget: Decide how much you’re willing to lose before you start. Stick to this limit regardless of the outcome.</li>
<li>Use the 1% Rule: Never wager more than 1% of your total bankroll on a single hand.</li>
<li>Track Your Sessions: Log wins, losses, and betting patterns. Reviewing the data helps spot profitable trends and avoid emotional streaks.</li>
<li>Take Breaks: After 30 minutes of continuous play, step away. Short breaks reset your mindset and prevent impulsive bets.</li>
</ol>
<p>Maya Patel, CEO of Baccarat Analytics, noted in 2023 that enforcing strict bankroll limits reduced players’ net losses by 27% on her platform. This statistic highlights disciplined play’s impact.</p>
<p>Bonuses &amp; Promotions: What Maryland Sites Offer in 2024</p>
<p>Online baccarat platforms in Maryland often run bonuses to attract and retain players. Common offerings include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Welcome Bonuses: Up to 150% match on the first deposit, usually spread over the first three deposits.</li>
<li>No‑Deposit Bonuses: Small amounts credited without a deposit, letting players try the game risk‑free.</li>
<li>Free Bets: Winnings from a free bet can be withdrawn as cash.</li>
<li>Loyalty Programs: Points earned for every bet can be redeemed for free spins, cash, or VIP events.</li>
</ul>
<p>Promotions come with wagering requirements. Typically, the bonus amount must be wagered 30 times before any winnings can be withdrawn. Reading the fine print is essential before accepting an offer.</p>
<p>Security and Fairness: Trustworthy Platforms for Serious Gamblers</p>
<p>Security matters for players who want to play baccarat in Maryland without compromising personal information. Leading platforms use several protection layers:</p>
<ul>
<li>SSL Encryption: All data transmissions are encrypted, preventing third‑party interception.</li>
<li>Certified RNGs: Independent auditors (e.g., eCOGRA) certify unbiased outcomes.</li>
<li>Two‑Factor Authentication: Adds an extra layer of security to user accounts.</li>
<li>Regular Audits: Third‑party firms conduct annual audits to verify fairness and compliance.</li>
</ul>
<p>In 2025, a major offshore casino was found to manipulate baccarat outcomes. The platform shut down within 48 hours, and users were refunded. The incident underscored the need for reputable operators.</p>
<p>Real‑World Stories: Casual vs. Professional Play in Maryland</p>
<p>Two scenarios illustrate the diversity of online baccarat experiences in Maryland.</p>
<p>Casual Player</p>
<p>John, a 34‑year‑old marketing executive from Baltimore, discovered online baccarat through a friend’s recommendation. He started with a mobile app, betting small amounts <a href="https://baccarat.online-casinos-in-california.com/">baccarat in California (CA)</a> ($5-$10) on the banker each night after work. John enjoyed playing from his couch and watching the live dealer’s hand movements. Over six months, he logged over 200 hands and won $350, betting on the banker and letting the house edge keep him profitable.</p>
<p>Professional Gambler</p>
<p>Maria, a 28‑year‑old professional trader from Annapolis, approached baccarat analytically. She used an RNG platform with advanced statistics and built‑in betting tools. Maria applied the Martingale system, doubling her bet after each loss until she won. She set a daily loss limit of $500 and tracked her performance in a spreadsheet. By year’s end, Maria had netted $12,000, though a significant losing streak taught her the importance of mental discipline.</p>
<p>These stories show how the same game appeals to different audiences, each with distinct goals and strategies.</p>
<p>Future Trends: AI, Blockchain, and the Next Generation of Baccarat</p>
<p>Emerging technologies shape the online gaming landscape. In Maryland, key trends include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Artificial Intelligence: Algorithms analyze player behavior in real time, offering personalized bonuses and predictive analytics.</li>
<li>Blockchain: Decentralized ledgers ensure transparency, allowing players to verify every card draw.</li>
<li>Augmented Reality: AR baccarat lets players project a virtual table onto their living rooms, blending digital and physical experiences.</li>
</ul>
<p>A 2024 forecast by TechBet Analytics predicts that 40% of U. S.online casino players will engage with AR features within the next two years. If Maryland follows national trends, AR‑enabled baccarat platforms could surge by 2026.</p>
<p>Table: Comparing Top Maryland Online Baccarat Platforms</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Platform</th>
<th>Licensing Status</th>
<th>Mobile App</th>
<th>Live Dealer</th>
<th>RNG</th>
<th>Bonus Offer</th>
<th>Security Features</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>LuckyBac</td>
<td>Offshore licensed</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>100% match up to $500</td>
<td>SSL, 2FA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BacPro</td>
<td>Pending state approval</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No‑deposit $25</td>
<td>SSL, audit reports</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AceBac</td>
<td>Offshore licensed</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>150% match up to $300</td>
<td>SSL, 2FA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MarlboroBac</td>
<td>State‑licensed (2025)</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Welcome + loyalty</td>
<td>SSL, blockchain audit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>WinBac</td>
<td>Offshore licensed</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Free bet $50</td>
<td>SSL, 2FA</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><em>Sources: Industry reports 2023-2025.</em></p>
<p>This overview equips Maryland players with knowledge to choose platforms that fit their legal, technical, and strategic preferences. Whether playing casually or professionally, the online baccarat scene offers a dynamic, accessible playground ready for exploration, one hand at a time.</p>

        </div>
        <div class="entry-footer clearfix">
            <div class="share-post"><a class="twit" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=&url=https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/" title="Twitter"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a><a class="face" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/" title="Facebook"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a><a class="pint" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/&description=" title="Pinterest"><i class="fab fa-pinterest-p"></i></a><a class="linked" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/&title=&summary=https://sanatandharmveda.com&source=Sanathan Dharm Veda" title="LinkedIn"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i></a> <a class="google" target="_blank" href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/" title="Google Plus"><i class="fab fa-google-plus-g"></i></a> <a class="tumblr" target="_blank" href="http://www.tumblr.com/share/link?url=https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/&name=&description=How Online Baccarat Became Maryland’s New Favorite Game The glow of casino lights and the rhythm of chips have long pulled Americans into gambling. In the Mid‑Atlantic, a quieter shift has taken place: online baccarat. Maryland’s legal framework is still maturing, yet residents find ways to enjoy the classic card game from home, on their [&hellip;]" title="Tumblr"><i class="fab fa-tumblr"></i></a><a class="reddit" href="http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/&title=" target="_blank" title="Reddit"><i class="fab fa-reddit-alien" aria-hidden="true"></i></a><a class="vk" href="http://vk.com/share.php?url=https://sanatandharmveda.com/18987-2/" target="_blank" title="VK"><i class="fab fa-vk"></i></a></div>        </div>
                <div class="post-nav clearfix"><div class="post-prev not-thumb"><a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/18985-2/" rel="prev"><div class="thumb-post"></div><div class="info-post"><h6></h6><span>February 28, 2026</span></div></a></div><div class="post-next not-thumb"><a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/how-to-make-the-most-of-lbspins-casino-s-vip-program/" rel="next"><div class="thumb-post"></div><div class="info-post"><h6>How to Make the Most of lbspins casino&#8217;s VIP Program</h6><span>February 28, 2026</span></div></a></div></div>        <div class="related-posts"><h4>Related Posts</h4><div class="row">    
    <div class="col-sm-6">
        <div class="post-box post-item">
            <div class="post-inner">
                                <div class="inner-post">
                    <div class="post-cat"><div class="posted-in"><a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/category/blog/" rel="category tag">Blog</a></div></div>                    <div class="entry-header">
                                            </div>
                </div>
                <div class="entry-meta">
                                        <a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/34721-2/" class="btn-details"><i class="ot-flaticon-trajectory"></i></a>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

        
    <div class="col-sm-6">
        <div class="post-box post-item">
            <div class="post-inner">
                                <div class="inner-post">
                    <div class="post-cat"><div class="posted-in"><a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/category/blog/" rel="category tag">Blog</a></div></div>                    <div class="entry-header">
                        <h5 class="entry-title"><a class="title-link" href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/onde-comprar-esteroides-em-seguranca/" rel="bookmark">Onde Comprar Esteróides em Segurança</a></h5>                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="entry-meta">
                                        <a href="https://sanatandharmveda.com/onde-comprar-esteroides-em-seguranca/" class="btn-details"><i class="ot-flaticon-trajectory"></i></a>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    </div></div>    </div>

</article>

					</main><!-- #main -->
				</div><!-- #primary -->
				
							</div>
		</div>	
	</div>

	</div><!-- #content -->
	<footer id="site-footer" class="site-footer" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPFooter"></footer></div><!-- #page -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/royal_preloader.min.js?ver=20200716" id="royal-preloader-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/jquery.isotope.min.js?ver=20200716" id="isotope-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/lightgallery-all.min.js?ver=20200716" id="lightgallery-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/owl.carousel.min.js?ver=20200716" id="owl-slider-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/easypiechart.min.js?ver=20200716" id="easypiechart-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/jquery.countdown.min.js?ver=20180910" id="countdown-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/elementor.js?ver=20200716" id="logitech-elementor-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/elementor-header.js?ver=20200716" id="logitech-elementor-header-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://sanatandharmveda.com/wp-content/themes/religion-twp/js/scripts.js?ver=20200716" id="logitech-scripts-js"></script>

</body>
</html>